Java MVC Architecture
· By Saurabh Editorial · Java
A clean MVC approach in Java — controllers, services, models, and testable boundaries.
What is MVC?
The three roles
Spring MVC request flow
Layered package structure
MVC vs other patterns
MVC separates an application into three layers: Model (data and business rules), View (presentation), and Controller (request handling). The pattern keeps responsibilities isolated and code testable.
MVC is the default for server-rendered apps and REST APIs. For event-heavy systems, look at CQRS or hexagonal architecture. For modern reactive APIs, Spring WebFlux applies the same separation with non-blocking IO.
- DispatcherServlet receives an HTTP request.
- HandlerMapping picks the right controller method.
- Controller calls services and builds a model.
- ViewResolver picks a view (or returns JSON for REST).
- Response is rendered and sent back.
- controller/ — thin HTTP layer.
- service/ — business logic, transactions.
- repository/ — data access.
- model/ or domain/ — entities and value objects.
- dto/ — request/response shapes.